{ "name": "Who owns a research record, rule by rule", "title": "Who owns a research record, rule by rule", "kind": "terms-board", "url": "https://sellscientificdatatoai.com/datasets/research-data-ownership-rules/", "csv": "https://sellscientificdatatoai.com/datasets/research-data-ownership-rules.csv", "markdown": "https://sellscientificdatatoai.com/datasets/research-data-ownership-rules/index.md", "computed_at": "2026-10-28", "license": "https://sellscientificdatatoai.com/terms", "headline": "5 of the 10 rules read in the US and GB put a research record first with the award recipient, employer or institution, newest read 28 October 2026.", "quotes": [ "5 of the 10 rules read in the US and GB put a research record first with the award recipient, employer or institution, newest read 28 October 2026.", "Who it puts first, by instrument: the award recipient, the employer or the institution 5 of 10, not stated 3 of 10, the maker of a database 1 of 10, the funder or the government 1 of 10 (10 instruments, read 28 October 2026).", "What the funder or government keeps, by instrument: not stated 6 of 10, a licence to use, reproduce or publish 2 of 10, a right to access, or an expectation of sharing 1 of 10, title if the recipient fails to act 1 of 10 (10 instruments, read 28 October 2026).", "The operative words, by instrument: stated 10 of 10 (10 instruments, read 28 October 2026)." ], "citation": "\"Who owns a research record, rule by rule\", updated 2026-10-28, https://sellscientificdatatoai.com/datasets/research-data-ownership-rules/.", "national": { "n": 10, "unit": "instruments", "documents": 11, "published_sources": 10, "named_sources": 11 }, "board": { "type": "clauses", "noun": { "one": "instrument", "many": "instruments" }, "document": { "one": "text", "many": "texts" }, "fields": [ { "id": "first_owner", "label": "Who it puts first", "counts": { "not-stated": 3, "recipient-or-employer": 5, "database-maker": 1, "funder-or-government": 1 }, "values": [ { "value": "recipient-or-employer", "text": "the award recipient, the employer or the institution" }, { "value": "creator", "text": "the author or inventor" }, { "value": "funder-or-government", "text": "the funder or the government" }, { "value": "database-maker", "text": "the maker of a database" } ] }, { "id": "funder_hold", "label": "What the funder or government keeps", "counts": { "not-stated": 6, "licence-to-use": 2, "title-on-failure": 1, "access-or-sharing": 1 }, "values": [ { "value": "licence-to-use", "text": "a licence to use, reproduce or publish" }, { "value": "access-or-sharing", "text": "a right to access, or an expectation of sharing" }, { "value": "title-on-failure", "text": "title if the recipient fails to act" }, { "value": "nothing-stated", "text": "nothing over the record" } ] }, { "id": "operative", "label": "The operative words", "counts": { "stated": 10 }, "values": [ { "value": "stated", "text": "stated" } ], "clause": true } ], "lead": { "type": "share", "field": "first_owner", "value": "recipient-or-employer", "n": 5, "of": 10, "label": "Rules that give the record to the recipient, employer or institution" }, "vendors": [ { "name": "17 USC 102, what copyright covers", "answers": { "first_owner": { "value": "not-stated", "text": "not stated", "documents": [ { "document": "US Copyright Office, title 17 chapter 1", "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html", "value": "not-stated", "quote": "" } ] }, "funder_hold": { "value": "not-stated", "text": "not stated", "documents": [ { "document": "US Copyright Office, title 17 chapter 1", "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html", "value": "not-stated", "quote": "" } ] }, "operative": { "value": "stated", "text": "In no case does copyright protection for an original work of authorship extend to any…", "documents": [ { "document": "US Copyright Office, title 17 chapter 1", "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html", "value": "stated", "quote": "In no case does copyright protection for an original work of authorship extend to any idea, procedure, process, system, method of operation, concept, principle, or discovery" } ] } } }, { "name": "17 USC 201, ownership of copyright", "answers": { "first_owner": { "value": "recipient-or-employer", "text": "the award recipient, the employer or the institution", "documents": [ { "document": "US Copyright Office, title 17 chapter 2", "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap2.html", "value": "recipient-or-employer", "quote": "In the case of a work made for hire, the employer or other person for whom the work was prepared is considered the author for purposes of this title" } ] }, "funder_hold": { "value": "not-stated", "text": "not stated", "documents": [ { "document": "US Copyright Office, title 17 chapter 2", "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap2.html", "value": "not-stated", "quote": "" } ] }, "operative": { "value": "stated", "text": "Copyright in a work protected under this title vests initially in the author or authors…", "documents": [ { "document": "US Copyright Office, title 17 chapter 2", "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap2.html", "value": "stated", "quote": "Copyright in a work protected under this title vests initially in the author or authors of the work." } ] } } }, { "name": "2 CFR 200.315, intangible property under a Federal award", "answers": { "first_owner": { "value": "recipient-or-employer", "text": "the award recipient, the employer or the institution", "documents": [ { "document": "eCFR, 2 CFR 200.315", "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-2/section-200.315", "value": "recipient-or-employer", "quote": "Title to intangible property acquired under a Federal award vests upon acquisition in the recipient or subrecipient." } ] }, "funder_hold": { "value": "licence-to-use", "text": "a licence to use, reproduce or publish", "documents": [ { "document": "eCFR, 2 CFR 200.315", "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-2/section-200.315", "value": "licence-to-use", "quote": "The Federal agency reserves a royalty-free, nonexclusive, and irrevocable right to reproduce, publish, or otherwise use the work for Federal purposes and to authorize others to do so." } ] }, "operative": { "value": "stated", "text": "Title to intangible property acquired under a Federal award vests upon acquisition in the…", "documents": [ { "document": "eCFR, 2 CFR 200.315", "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-2/section-200.315", "value": "stated", "quote": "Title to intangible property acquired under a Federal award vests upon acquisition in the recipient or subrecipient." } ] } } }, { "name": "37 CFR 401.14, the Bayh-Dole patent rights clause", "answers": { "first_owner": { "value": "recipient-or-employer", "text": "the award recipient, the employer or the institution", "documents": [ { "document": "eCFR, 37 CFR 401.14", "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-37/section-401.14", "value": "recipient-or-employer", "quote": "With respect to any subject invention in which the Contractor retains title, the Federal government shall have a nonexclusive, nontransferable, irrevocable, paid-up license" } ] }, "funder_hold": { "value": "title-on-failure", "text": "title if the recipient fails to act", "documents": [ { "document": "eCFR, 37 CFR 401.14", "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-37/section-401.14", "value": "title-on-failure", "quote": "If the contractor fails to disclose or elect title to the subject invention within the times specified in paragraph (c) of this clause, or elects not to retain title." } ] }, "operative": { "value": "stated", "text": "A Federal agency may require the contractor to convey title to the Federal agency of any…", "documents": [ { "document": "eCFR, 37 CFR 401.14", "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-37/section-401.14", "value": "stated", "quote": "A Federal agency may require the contractor to convey title to the Federal agency of any subject invention" } ] } } }, { "name": "Copyright and Rights in Databases Regulations 1997, regulation 13", "answers": { "first_owner": { "value": "not-stated", "text": "not stated", "documents": [ { "document": "legislation.gov.uk, SI 1997/3032 reg 13", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1997/3032/regulation/13", "value": "not-stated", "quote": "" } ] }, "funder_hold": { "value": "not-stated", "text": "not stated", "documents": [ { "document": "legislation.gov.uk, SI 1997/3032 reg 13", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1997/3032/regulation/13", "value": "not-stated", "quote": "" } ] }, "operative": { "value": "stated", "text": "A property right (“database right”) subsists, in accordance with this Part, in a database…", "documents": [ { "document": "legislation.gov.uk, SI 1997/3032 reg 13", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1997/3032/regulation/13", "value": "stated", "quote": "A property right (“database right”) subsists, in accordance with this Part, in a database if there has been a substantial investment in obtaining, verifying or presenting the contents of the database." } ] } } }, { "name": "Copyright and Rights in Databases Regulations 1997, regulation 14", "answers": { "first_owner": { "value": "database-maker", "text": "the maker of a database", "documents": [ { "document": "legislation.gov.uk, SI 1997/3032 reg 14", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1997/3032/regulation/14", "value": "database-maker", "quote": "the person who takes the initiative in obtaining, verifying or presenting the contents of a database and assumes the risk of investing in that obtaining, verification or presentation shall be regarded as the maker of, and as having made, the database." } ] }, "funder_hold": { "value": "not-stated", "text": "not stated", "documents": [ { "document": "legislation.gov.uk, SI 1997/3032 reg 14", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1997/3032/regulation/14", "value": "not-stated", "quote": "" } ] }, "operative": { "value": "stated", "text": "Where a database is made by an employee in the course of his employment, his employer…", "documents": [ { "document": "legislation.gov.uk, SI 1997/3032 reg 14", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1997/3032/regulation/14", "value": "stated", "quote": "Where a database is made by an employee in the course of his employment, his employer shall be regarded as the maker of the database, subject to any agreement to the contrary." } ] } } }, { "name": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 11", "answers": { "first_owner": { "value": "recipient-or-employer", "text": "the award recipient, the employer or the institution", "documents": [ { "document": "legislation.gov.uk, CDPA 1988 s11", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/11", "value": "recipient-or-employer", "quote": "is made by an employee in the course of his employment, his employer is the first owner of any copyright in the work subject to any agreement to the contrary." } ] }, "funder_hold": { "value": "not-stated", "text": "not stated", "documents": [ { "document": "legislation.gov.uk, CDPA 1988 s11", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/11", "value": "not-stated", "quote": "" } ] }, "operative": { "value": "stated", "text": "The author of a work is the first owner of any copyright in it, subject to the following…", "documents": [ { "document": "legislation.gov.uk, CDPA 1988 s11", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/11", "value": "stated", "quote": "The author of a work is the first owner of any copyright in it, subject to the following provisions." } ] } } }, { "name": "FAR 52.227-14, rights in data under a federal contract", "answers": { "first_owner": { "value": "funder-or-government", "text": "the funder or the government", "documents": [ { "document": "Acquisition.gov, FAR 52.227-14", "url": "https://www.acquisition.gov/far/52.227-14", "value": "funder-or-government", "quote": "the Government shall have unlimited rights in- (i) Data first produced in the performance of this contract;" }, { "document": "eCFR, 48 CFR 52.227-14", "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-48/chapter-1/subchapter-H/part-52/subpart-52.2/section-52.227-14", "value": "funder-or-government", "quote": "the Government shall have unlimited rights in— (i) Data first produced in the performance of this contract;" } ] }, "funder_hold": { "value": "licence-to-use", "text": "a licence to use, reproduce or publish", "documents": [ { "document": "Acquisition.gov, FAR 52.227-14", "url": "https://www.acquisition.gov/far/52.227-14", "value": "licence-to-use", "quote": "Unlimited rights means the rights of the Government to use, disclose, reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, in any manner and for any purpose" }, { "document": "eCFR, 48 CFR 52.227-14", "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-48/chapter-1/subchapter-H/part-52/subpart-52.2/section-52.227-14", "value": "licence-to-use", "quote": "the Government shall have unlimited rights in— (i) Data first produced in the performance of this contract;" } ] }, "operative": { "value": "stated", "text": "The Contractor shall have the right to- (i) Assert copyright in data first produced in…", "documents": [ { "document": "Acquisition.gov, FAR 52.227-14", "url": "https://www.acquisition.gov/far/52.227-14", "value": "stated", "quote": "The Contractor shall have the right to- (i) Assert copyright in data first produced in the performance of this contract" }, { "document": "eCFR, 48 CFR 52.227-14", "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-48/chapter-1/subchapter-H/part-52/subpart-52.2/section-52.227-14", "value": "stated", "quote": "The Contractor shall have the right to— (i) Assert copyright in data first produced in the performance of this contract" } ] } } }, { "name": "Patents Act 1977, section 39", "answers": { "first_owner": { "value": "recipient-or-employer", "text": "the award recipient, the employer or the institution", "documents": [ { "document": "legislation.gov.uk, Patents Act 1977 s39", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1977/37/section/39", "value": "recipient-or-employer", "quote": "an invention made by an employee shall, as between him and his employer, be taken to belong to his employer for the purposes of this Act and all other purposes" } ] }, "funder_hold": { "value": "not-stated", "text": "not stated", "documents": [ { "document": "legislation.gov.uk, Patents Act 1977 s39", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1977/37/section/39", "value": "not-stated", "quote": "" } ] }, "operative": { "value": "stated", "text": "an invention made by an employee shall, as between him and his employer, be taken to…", "documents": [ { "document": "legislation.gov.uk, Patents Act 1977 s39", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1977/37/section/39", "value": "stated", "quote": "an invention made by an employee shall, as between him and his employer, be taken to belong to his employer" } ] } } }, { "name": "UKRI policy on making research data open", "answers": { "first_owner": { "value": "not-stated", "text": "not stated", "documents": [ { "document": "UKRI, making your research data open", "url": "https://www.ukri.org/manage-your-award/publishing-your-research-findings/making-your-research-data-open/", "value": "not-stated", "quote": "" } ] }, "funder_hold": { "value": "access-or-sharing", "text": "a right to access, or an expectation of sharing", "documents": [ { "document": "UKRI, making your research data open", "url": "https://www.ukri.org/manage-your-award/publishing-your-research-findings/making-your-research-data-open/", "value": "access-or-sharing", "quote": "They should be made openly available with as few restrictions as possible in a timely and responsible manner." } ] }, "operative": { "value": "stated", "text": "They should be made openly available with as few restrictions as possible in a timely and…", "documents": [ { "document": "UKRI, making your research data open", "url": "https://www.ukri.org/manage-your-award/publishing-your-research-findings/making-your-research-data-open/", "value": "stated", "quote": "They should be made openly available with as few restrictions as possible in a timely and responsible manner." } ] } } } ] }, "subject_kind": "instrument", "rows": [ { "subject": "17 USC 102, what copyright covers", "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html", "document": "US Copyright Office, title 17 chapter 1", "question": "first_owner", "answer": "not-stated", "answer_text": "not stated", "status": "not-stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-27", "quote": "Nothing on this text answers it (389,618 characters of text text, read 2026-10-27).", "text_sha256": "ec93a08f2aef78393077b73184d250681c3181f69997fab25b56dc2610e83306" }, { "subject": "17 USC 102, what copyright covers", "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html", "document": "US Copyright Office, title 17 chapter 1", "question": "funder_hold", "answer": "not-stated", "answer_text": "not stated", "status": "not-stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-27", "quote": "Nothing on this text answers it (389,618 characters of text text, read 2026-10-27).", "text_sha256": "ec93a08f2aef78393077b73184d250681c3181f69997fab25b56dc2610e83306" }, { "subject": "17 USC 102, what copyright covers", "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html", "document": "US Copyright Office, title 17 chapter 1", "question": "operative", "answer": "stated", "answer_text": "In no case does copyright protection for an original work of authorship extend to any…", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-27", "quote": "In no case does copyright protection for an original work of authorship extend to any idea, procedure, process, system, method of operation, concept, principle, or discovery", "text_sha256": "ec93a08f2aef78393077b73184d250681c3181f69997fab25b56dc2610e83306" }, { "subject": "17 USC 201, ownership of copyright", "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap2.html", "document": "US Copyright Office, title 17 chapter 2", "question": "first_owner", "answer": "recipient-or-employer", "answer_text": "the award recipient, the employer or the institution", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "In the case of a work made for hire, the employer or other person for whom the work was prepared is considered the author for purposes of this title", "text_sha256": "2544f1ba58db91169566d33e90b325f88966edd64a51d49edacf1380f2047225" }, { "subject": "17 USC 201, ownership of copyright", "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap2.html", "document": "US Copyright Office, title 17 chapter 2", "question": "funder_hold", "answer": "not-stated", "answer_text": "not stated", "status": "not-stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "Nothing on this text answers it (13,848 characters of text text, read 2026-10-28).", "text_sha256": "2544f1ba58db91169566d33e90b325f88966edd64a51d49edacf1380f2047225" }, { "subject": "17 USC 201, ownership of copyright", "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap2.html", "document": "US Copyright Office, title 17 chapter 2", "question": "operative", "answer": "stated", "answer_text": "Copyright in a work protected under this title vests initially in the author or authors…", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "Copyright in a work protected under this title vests initially in the author or authors of the work.", "text_sha256": "2544f1ba58db91169566d33e90b325f88966edd64a51d49edacf1380f2047225" }, { "subject": "2 CFR 200.315, intangible property under a Federal award", "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-2/section-200.315", "document": "eCFR, 2 CFR 200.315", "question": "first_owner", "answer": "recipient-or-employer", "answer_text": "the award recipient, the employer or the institution", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "Title to intangible property acquired under a Federal award vests upon acquisition in the recipient or subrecipient.", "text_sha256": "8372a6b0ecec57cd94d24b070ad43ee41356b8ee1210e757e500e1774fe572dc" }, { "subject": "2 CFR 200.315, intangible property under a Federal award", "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-2/section-200.315", "document": "eCFR, 2 CFR 200.315", "question": "funder_hold", "answer": "licence-to-use", "answer_text": "a licence to use, reproduce or publish", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "The Federal agency reserves a royalty-free, nonexclusive, and irrevocable right to reproduce, publish, or otherwise use the work for Federal purposes and to authorize others to do so.", "text_sha256": "8372a6b0ecec57cd94d24b070ad43ee41356b8ee1210e757e500e1774fe572dc" }, { "subject": "2 CFR 200.315, intangible property under a Federal award", "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-2/section-200.315", "document": "eCFR, 2 CFR 200.315", "question": "operative", "answer": "stated", "answer_text": "Title to intangible property acquired under a Federal award vests upon acquisition in the…", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "Title to intangible property acquired under a Federal award vests upon acquisition in the recipient or subrecipient.", "text_sha256": "8372a6b0ecec57cd94d24b070ad43ee41356b8ee1210e757e500e1774fe572dc" }, { "subject": "37 CFR 401.14, the Bayh-Dole patent rights clause", "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-37/section-401.14", "document": "eCFR, 37 CFR 401.14", "question": "first_owner", "answer": "recipient-or-employer", "answer_text": "the award recipient, the employer or the institution", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "With respect to any subject invention in which the Contractor retains title, the Federal government shall have a nonexclusive, nontransferable, irrevocable, paid-up license", "text_sha256": "b6ff76ed0978e8b9e0018bfa885d0994feffe58396ecdf5e7bd969ddd0b54d4a" }, { "subject": "37 CFR 401.14, the Bayh-Dole patent rights clause", "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-37/section-401.14", "document": "eCFR, 37 CFR 401.14", "question": "funder_hold", "answer": "title-on-failure", "answer_text": "title if the recipient fails to act", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "If the contractor fails to disclose or elect title to the subject invention within the times specified in paragraph (c) of this clause, or elects not to retain title.", "text_sha256": "b6ff76ed0978e8b9e0018bfa885d0994feffe58396ecdf5e7bd969ddd0b54d4a" }, { "subject": "37 CFR 401.14, the Bayh-Dole patent rights clause", "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-37/section-401.14", "document": "eCFR, 37 CFR 401.14", "question": "operative", "answer": "stated", "answer_text": "A Federal agency may require the contractor to convey title to the Federal agency of any…", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "A Federal agency may require the contractor to convey title to the Federal agency of any subject invention", "text_sha256": "b6ff76ed0978e8b9e0018bfa885d0994feffe58396ecdf5e7bd969ddd0b54d4a" }, { "subject": "Copyright and Rights in Databases Regulations 1997, regulation 13", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1997/3032/regulation/13", "document": "legislation.gov.uk, SI 1997/3032 reg 13", "question": "first_owner", "answer": "not-stated", "answer_text": "not stated", "status": "not-stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Nothing on this text answers it (4,747 characters of text text, read 2026-10-08).", "text_sha256": "2e44ad35600ab0e7a11b7b1d74ab54eccf8b52aef6629926c788a47f383099a1" }, { "subject": "Copyright and Rights in Databases Regulations 1997, regulation 13", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1997/3032/regulation/13", "document": "legislation.gov.uk, SI 1997/3032 reg 13", "question": "funder_hold", "answer": "not-stated", "answer_text": "not stated", "status": "not-stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Nothing on this text answers it (4,747 characters of text text, read 2026-10-08).", "text_sha256": "2e44ad35600ab0e7a11b7b1d74ab54eccf8b52aef6629926c788a47f383099a1" }, { "subject": "Copyright and Rights in Databases Regulations 1997, regulation 13", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1997/3032/regulation/13", "document": "legislation.gov.uk, SI 1997/3032 reg 13", "question": "operative", "answer": "stated", "answer_text": "A property right (“database right”) subsists, in accordance with this Part, in a database…", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "A property right (“database right”) subsists, in accordance with this Part, in a database if there has been a substantial investment in obtaining, verifying or presenting the contents of the database.", "text_sha256": "2e44ad35600ab0e7a11b7b1d74ab54eccf8b52aef6629926c788a47f383099a1" }, { "subject": "Copyright and Rights in Databases Regulations 1997, regulation 14", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1997/3032/regulation/14", "document": "legislation.gov.uk, SI 1997/3032 reg 14", "question": "first_owner", "answer": "database-maker", "answer_text": "the maker of a database", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-27", "quote": "the person who takes the initiative in obtaining, verifying or presenting the contents of a database and assumes the risk of investing in that obtaining, verification or presentation shall be regarded as the maker of, and as having made, the database.", "text_sha256": "c9a63c7eefd03502eda148f995b9f6cbac472d24022c9b36b3b6c8dea4ea50a4" }, { "subject": "Copyright and Rights in Databases Regulations 1997, regulation 14", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1997/3032/regulation/14", "document": "legislation.gov.uk, SI 1997/3032 reg 14", "question": "funder_hold", "answer": "not-stated", "answer_text": "not stated", "status": "not-stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-27", "quote": "Nothing on this text answers it (6,277 characters of text text, read 2026-10-27).", "text_sha256": "c9a63c7eefd03502eda148f995b9f6cbac472d24022c9b36b3b6c8dea4ea50a4" }, { "subject": "Copyright and Rights in Databases Regulations 1997, regulation 14", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1997/3032/regulation/14", "document": "legislation.gov.uk, SI 1997/3032 reg 14", "question": "operative", "answer": "stated", "answer_text": "Where a database is made by an employee in the course of his employment, his employer…", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-27", "quote": "Where a database is made by an employee in the course of his employment, his employer shall be regarded as the maker of the database, subject to any agreement to the contrary.", "text_sha256": "c9a63c7eefd03502eda148f995b9f6cbac472d24022c9b36b3b6c8dea4ea50a4" }, { "subject": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 11", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/11", "document": "legislation.gov.uk, CDPA 1988 s11", "question": "first_owner", "answer": "recipient-or-employer", "answer_text": "the award recipient, the employer or the institution", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "is made by an employee in the course of his employment, his employer is the first owner of any copyright in the work subject to any agreement to the contrary.", "text_sha256": "e1b10366ea7821c3e9f50c97ec3bb359eab602e47d2d5704f25ace3596269c92" }, { "subject": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 11", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/11", "document": "legislation.gov.uk, CDPA 1988 s11", "question": "funder_hold", "answer": "not-stated", "answer_text": "not stated", "status": "not-stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Nothing on this text answers it (4,991 characters of text text, read 2026-10-08).", "text_sha256": "e1b10366ea7821c3e9f50c97ec3bb359eab602e47d2d5704f25ace3596269c92" }, { "subject": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 11", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/11", "document": "legislation.gov.uk, CDPA 1988 s11", "question": "operative", "answer": "stated", "answer_text": "The author of a work is the first owner of any copyright in it, subject to the following…", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "The author of a work is the first owner of any copyright in it, subject to the following provisions.", "text_sha256": "e1b10366ea7821c3e9f50c97ec3bb359eab602e47d2d5704f25ace3596269c92" }, { "subject": "FAR 52.227-14, rights in data under a federal contract", "url": "https://www.acquisition.gov/far/52.227-14", "document": "Acquisition.gov, FAR 52.227-14", "question": "first_owner", "answer": "funder-or-government", "answer_text": "the funder or the government", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "the Government shall have unlimited rights in- (i) Data first produced in the performance of this contract;", "text_sha256": "6c4467965fbed0476e32a6dd866d65f6a27a98b257a517ebb92689bb67623d0f" }, { "subject": "FAR 52.227-14, rights in data under a federal contract", "url": "https://www.acquisition.gov/far/52.227-14", "document": "Acquisition.gov, FAR 52.227-14", "question": "funder_hold", "answer": "licence-to-use", "answer_text": "a licence to use, reproduce or publish", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "Unlimited rights means the rights of the Government to use, disclose, reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, in any manner and for any purpose", "text_sha256": "6c4467965fbed0476e32a6dd866d65f6a27a98b257a517ebb92689bb67623d0f" }, { "subject": "FAR 52.227-14, rights in data under a federal contract", "url": "https://www.acquisition.gov/far/52.227-14", "document": "Acquisition.gov, FAR 52.227-14", "question": "operative", "answer": "stated", "answer_text": "The Contractor shall have the right to- (i) Assert copyright in data first produced in…", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "The Contractor shall have the right to- (i) Assert copyright in data first produced in the performance of this contract", "text_sha256": "6c4467965fbed0476e32a6dd866d65f6a27a98b257a517ebb92689bb67623d0f" }, { "subject": "FAR 52.227-14, rights in data under a federal contract", "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-48/chapter-1/subchapter-H/part-52/subpart-52.2/section-52.227-14", "document": "eCFR, 48 CFR 52.227-14", "question": "first_owner", "answer": "funder-or-government", "answer_text": "the funder or the government", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "the Government shall have unlimited rights in— (i) Data first produced in the performance of this contract;", "text_sha256": "87adb070652f6b7740860222a3e7de51e3cf3eafe4e8cfd8e548f76dcdab1549" }, { "subject": "FAR 52.227-14, rights in data under a federal contract", "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-48/chapter-1/subchapter-H/part-52/subpart-52.2/section-52.227-14", "document": "eCFR, 48 CFR 52.227-14", "question": "funder_hold", "answer": "licence-to-use", "answer_text": "a licence to use, reproduce or publish", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "the Government shall have unlimited rights in— (i) Data first produced in the performance of this contract;", "text_sha256": "87adb070652f6b7740860222a3e7de51e3cf3eafe4e8cfd8e548f76dcdab1549" }, { "subject": "FAR 52.227-14, rights in data under a federal contract", "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-48/chapter-1/subchapter-H/part-52/subpart-52.2/section-52.227-14", "document": "eCFR, 48 CFR 52.227-14", "question": "operative", "answer": "stated", "answer_text": "The Contractor shall have the right to…", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "The Contractor shall have the right to— (i) Assert copyright in data first produced in the performance of this contract", "text_sha256": "87adb070652f6b7740860222a3e7de51e3cf3eafe4e8cfd8e548f76dcdab1549" }, { "subject": "Patents Act 1977, section 39", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1977/37/section/39", "document": "legislation.gov.uk, Patents Act 1977 s39", "question": "first_owner", "answer": "recipient-or-employer", "answer_text": "the award recipient, the employer or the institution", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "an invention made by an employee shall, as between him and his employer, be taken to belong to his employer for the purposes of this Act and all other purposes", "text_sha256": "3a03fb6371448ad1acbdd743710071270578b863e53c376cfd21184b13e85f4d" }, { "subject": "Patents Act 1977, section 39", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1977/37/section/39", "document": "legislation.gov.uk, Patents Act 1977 s39", "question": "funder_hold", "answer": "not-stated", "answer_text": "not stated", "status": "not-stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "Nothing on this text answers it (6,042 characters of text text, read 2026-10-28).", "text_sha256": "3a03fb6371448ad1acbdd743710071270578b863e53c376cfd21184b13e85f4d" }, { "subject": "Patents Act 1977, section 39", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1977/37/section/39", "document": "legislation.gov.uk, Patents Act 1977 s39", "question": "operative", "answer": "stated", "answer_text": "an invention made by an employee shall, as between him and his employer, be taken to…", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "an invention made by an employee shall, as between him and his employer, be taken to belong to his employer", "text_sha256": "3a03fb6371448ad1acbdd743710071270578b863e53c376cfd21184b13e85f4d" }, { "subject": "UKRI policy on making research data open", "url": "https://www.ukri.org/manage-your-award/publishing-your-research-findings/making-your-research-data-open/", "document": "UKRI, making your research data open", "question": "first_owner", "answer": "not-stated", "answer_text": "not stated", "status": "not-stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "Nothing on this text answers it (9,464 characters of text text, read 2026-10-28).", "text_sha256": "d4a4b69eeb06d6ff41689e5b5c2eae320094c5836b4daf52ccdf513406ee8edc" }, { "subject": "UKRI policy on making research data open", "url": "https://www.ukri.org/manage-your-award/publishing-your-research-findings/making-your-research-data-open/", "document": "UKRI, making your research data open", "question": "funder_hold", "answer": "access-or-sharing", "answer_text": "a right to access, or an expectation of sharing", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "They should be made openly available with as few restrictions as possible in a timely and responsible manner.", "text_sha256": "d4a4b69eeb06d6ff41689e5b5c2eae320094c5836b4daf52ccdf513406ee8edc" }, { "subject": "UKRI policy on making research data open", "url": "https://www.ukri.org/manage-your-award/publishing-your-research-findings/making-your-research-data-open/", "document": "UKRI, making your research data open", "question": "operative", "answer": "stated", "answer_text": "They should be made openly available with as few restrictions as possible in a timely and…", "status": "stated", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28", "quote": "They should be made openly available with as few restrictions as possible in a timely and responsible manner.", "text_sha256": "d4a4b69eeb06d6ff41689e5b5c2eae320094c5836b4daf52ccdf513406ee8edc" } ], "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-2/section-200.315", "label": "eCFR, eCFR :: 2 CFR 200.315 -- Intangible property.", "license": "cited for reporting; the publisher's own the statutes, regulations and funder policies in the US and GB", "class": "primary-government", "status": "read" }, { "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-37/section-401.14", "label": "eCFR, eCFR :: 37 CFR 401.14 -- Standard patent rights clauses.", "license": "cited for reporting; the publisher's own the statutes, regulations and funder policies in the US and GB", "class": "primary-government", "status": "read" }, { "url": "https://www.acquisition.gov/far/52.227-14", "label": "Acquisition.gov (FAR), 52.227-14 Rights in Data-General. | Acquisition.GOV", "license": "cited for reporting; the publisher's own the statutes, regulations and funder policies in the US and GB", "class": "primary-government", "status": "read" }, { "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-48/chapter-1/subchapter-H/part-52/subpart-52.2/section-52.227-14", "label": "eCFR, eCFR :: 48 CFR 52.227-14 -- Rights in Data-General. (FAR 52.227-14)", "license": "cited for reporting; the publisher's own the statutes, regulations and funder policies in the US and GB", "class": "primary-government", "status": "read" }, { "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html", "label": "US Copyright Office, Chapter 1 - Circular 92 | U.S. Copyright Office", "license": "cited for reporting; the publisher's own the statutes, regulations and funder policies in the US and GB", "class": "primary-government", "status": "read" }, { "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap2.html", "label": "US Copyright Office, Chapter 2 - Circular 92 | U.S. Copyright Office", "license": "cited for reporting; the publisher's own the statutes, regulations and funder policies in the US and GB", "class": "primary-government", "status": "read" }, { "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1977/37/section/39", "label": "legislation.gov.uk, Patents Act 1977", "license": "cited for reporting; the publisher's own the statutes, regulations and funder policies in the US and GB", "class": "primary-government", "status": "read" }, { "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/11", "label": "legislation.gov.uk, Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988", "license": "cited for reporting; the publisher's own the statutes, regulations and funder policies in the US and GB", "class": "primary-government", "status": "read" }, { "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1997/3032/regulation/13", "label": "legislation.gov.uk, The Copyright and Rights in Databases Regulations 1997", "license": "cited for reporting; the publisher's own the statutes, regulations and funder policies in the US and GB", "class": "primary-government", "status": "read" }, { "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1997/3032/regulation/14", "label": "legislation.gov.uk, The Copyright and Rights in Databases Regulations 1997", "license": "cited for reporting; the publisher's own the statutes, regulations and funder policies in the US and GB", "class": "primary-government", "status": "read" }, { "url": "https://www.ukri.org/manage-your-award/publishing-your-research-findings/making-your-research-data-open/", "label": "UKRI, Making your research data open – UKRI", "license": "cited for reporting; the publisher's own the statutes, regulations and funder policies in the US and GB", "class": "primary-government", "status": "read" } ], "methodology": "Each instrument's own the statutes, regulations and funder policies in the US and GB were read through estate-fetch and stored whole (sha256 on every row). For every text, three questions were answered from its own words: who it puts first, what the funder or government keeps, the operative words. Every stated answer carries the sentence it rests on, checked against the stored text; 'not stated' means the text read does not address the question. A instrument with several texts reads 'varies' where they disagree. 10 instruments, 11 texts.", "embed": "
5 of the 10 rules read in the US and GB put a research record first with the award recipient, employer or institution, newest read 28 October 2026.
Who owns a research record, rule by rule, sellscientificdatatoai.com
" }